A factory's machines are on the record; its building usually is not. While production equipment has its serial number, maintenance plan and fault history held somewhere, the roof, the compressor room, the transformer, the fire cabinet, the lift, the air handling unit and the storage area appear in nobody's inventory. This equipment causes no trouble until it fails, and when it does it stops production harder than the machines do. In practice this ownerless area is left to the personal follow-up of the administration team or of the maintenance supervisor. When was the air conditioning filter last changed, has the fire extinguisher's refill date passed, when was the generator last run — in most facilities the answer sits in one person's memory or on a chart pinned to the wall.
The second problem is space itself. How many square metres each department occupies, which warehouse zone is assigned to which job, who sits where and how much space is free are usually unknown. If there is a leased building or warehouse, it becomes more tangled still: the lease renewal date, the escalation clause, the service charge, the cleaning and security service contracts and the electricity, water, gas and internet subscriptions sit in separate folders. What these contracts have in common is that when nobody remembers them they either renew themselves or the service is cut off when they expire. Both are expensive by the time they are noticed, and they are usually noticed late. Most of the documents also sit in one person's email inbox; when that person leaves, the trail disappears completely.
The software for this area goes by two names, and the two are not the same thing. CAFM (Computer-Aided Facility Management) is narrower and operational: building and space inventory, room and desk allocation, maintenance requests and the scheduling of planned building maintenance belong here. IWMS (Integrated Workplace Management System) adds to that the property portfolio, lease and service contracts, facility costs and space utilisation efficiency. A single-building production facility usually starts with the need on the CAFM side; businesses with several facilities, branches or leased warehouses need the contract and cost layer on the IWMS side.
Let us set the expectation properly from the start. This system does not run the building automatically; it is not the same thing as building automation (BMS). The hardware and control layer that runs the air conditioning, dims the lighting and opens the card readers stays where it is. We manage the data that layer produces and the administrative work of the facility: inventory, schedules, contracts, requests and cost. One further warning: space management is not necessary for every facility. In a single-storey factory with a fixed layout, room and desk allocation is almost never used; the real need there is planned maintenance and contract tracking. Narrowing the scope to the need is better than buying a module you will not use. And we do not take that decision without walking the site; that is why discovery is the first step.