In a company a quote is issued, an order is opened, production is planned, the goods are shipped and payment is awaited. Each link in that chain is run by a unit, and each unit usually knows its own job well. What nobody knows is the time that passes between the links. How many days the quote waited in approval, what happened between the order dropping to production and being planned, why the shipment slipped by a week — none of it is recorded anywhere. When you ask how many days on average you deliver in, the answer given rests on memory rather than measurement, and every unit gives a different number. The problem is usually not in the units' performance but in the gap between them; and that gap has no owner. In most companies, this unmeasured gap is also the source of the most expensive delays.
In these companies the processes are in fact written down. Procedures, flow charts and instructions prepared under ISO 9001 sit in a folder. But the written process and the process that actually runs drift apart over time: one has three approvals, two of which are skipped on the ground; in one the job starts with unit A, when in reality unit B starts it. When the audit comes, the version on paper is defended, and the next day everything goes back to the old order. Digitisation efforts do not fix this on their own either: individual approval flows are built, each runs on its own, and there is no shared rule and no shared measure between them. As the number of flows grows, rules that contradict one another pile up and nobody can see the whole.
Business process management (BPM) is first of all a management discipline: making an inventory of the processes that exist, assigning an owner to each, measuring the process and improving it at regular intervals. BPMS is the software that runs that discipline; it is also called a process engine for short. The engine takes a process modelled to the BPMN 2.0 standard and actually runs it: it drops the task to the right role, escalates it when the time is up, applies the defined rule at decision points and records how long each step took. The difference matters. A BPMS installed without the BPM discipline turns into an expensive forms application; the software does not improve the process by itself, it makes improvement measurable and repeatable. And improvement made without measurement remains a claim.
That is why we draw the line up front. Workflow automation runs a single flow: a request comes in, moves on by rule, is approved and is recorded. BPM addresses the whole set of flows; it makes visible which processes exist, where they hold each other up and where the total cycle time is lost. If there are a handful of flows in your company that need automating, the right answer is workflow automation and we will not propose a BPMS to you; at that scale, installing a process engine is unnecessary weight. BPM's turn comes when processes start running across units and systems. And we have to say one more thing: we have never seen an engine survive where process ownership was not assigned. That is why our first question is not technical but managerial.